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Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) can occur in a developing fetus of a pregnant woman who has contracted rubella, usually in the first trimester. If infection occurs 0–28 days before conception, the infant has a 43% chance of being affected. If the infection occurs 0–12 weeks after conception, the chance increases to 51%. If the infection occurs 13–26 weeks after conception, the chance is 23% of the infant being affected by the disease. Infants are not generally affected if rubella is contracted during the third trimester, or 26–40 weeks after conception. Problems rarely occur when rubella is contracted by the mother after 20 weeks of gestation and continues to disseminate the virus after birth. It was discovered in 1941 by Australian Norman McAlister Gregg. The molecular basis for the causation of congenital rubella syndrome are not yet completely clear, but ''in vitro'' studies with cell lines showed that rubella virus has an apoptotic effect on certain cell types. There is evidence for a p53-dependent mechanism. ==Signs and symptom== The classic triad for congenital rubella syndrome is: *Sensorineural deafness (58% of patients) *Eye abnormalities—especially retinopathy, cataract, and microphthalmia (43% of patients) *Congenital heart disease—especially pulmonary artery stenosis and patent ductus arteriosus (50% of patients) Other manifestations of CRS may include: *Spleen, liver, or bone marrow problems (some of which may disappear shortly after birth) *Intellectual disability *Small head size (microcephaly) *Eye defects *Low birth weight *Thrombocytopenic purpura *Extramedullary hematopoiesis (presents as a characteristic blueberry muffin rash) *Hepatomegaly *Micrognathia Children who have been exposed to rubella in the womb should also be watched closely as they age for any indication of: *Developmental delay *Autism spectrum disorders *Schizophrenia *Growth retardation *Learning disabilities *Diabetes mellitus *Glaucoma 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Congenital rubella syndrome」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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